Understanding factors related to difficulties in vaccinating children in the municipality of Santa Maria da Boa Vista, Pernambuco, Brazil
Vigil Sanit Debate, Rio de Janeiro, 2026, v.14: e02505| Published on: 26/03/2026
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22239/2317-269X.02505Keywords:
Vaccination Coverage, Immunization Programs, Primary Health Care, Anti-Vaccination MovementAbstract
Introduction: Brazil’s National Immunization Program has celebrated more than half a century of consolidated success in preventing and controlling vaccine-preventable diseases. Nevertheless, there are still children who are not brought in for vaccination. Considering the individual and social benefits of vaccination adherence in child health, as
well as the different perspectives of care, understanding the reasons behind non-adherence can inform effective strategies. Objective: To understand the factors associated with difficulties in vaccinating children in early childhood in the interior of Pernambuco, Brazil. Method: A qualitative, descriptive study was conducted with 23 parents or guardians of children up to 5 years old, users of Primary Health Care Units located in the urban area of Santa Maria da Boa Vista, Pernambuco, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with both open- and closed-ended questions. Data were processed using IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed through Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC). Results: The analysis generated 137 text segments, with a retention rate of 68.61%. The DHC revealed two main clusters: political, socioeconomic, and cultural factors; and communicational and educational factors. These clusters unfolded into five classes: doses and schedules; actions and care; diseases and health; knowledge and vaccines; and fake news and anti-vaccination. Conclusions: The main factors impacting the updating of the childhood vaccination schedule include vaccine stock shortages, child illness, incompatibility with work schedules, lack of transportation, the spread of fake news, and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight structural and social challenges faced by families, underscoring the need for integrated actions to expand vaccination coverage.
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Author Biographies
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Ingrydd O’hara Marques de Freitas, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Faculdade de Formação, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
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Maria Elda Alves de Lacerda Campos, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Faculdade de Formação, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
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Thereza Cristina da Cunha Lima Gama, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Faculdade de Formação, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
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Amanda Regina da Silva Gois, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Faculdade de Formação, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
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