Filamentous fungi in water used in hemodialysis treatment: a persistence challenge for health surveillance
Vigil Sanit Debate, Rio de Janeiro, 2024, v.12: e02236 | Published on: 19/04/2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22239/2317-269x.02236Keywords:
Hemodialysis Center, Fungi, Water Quality, Microbiological AssessmentsAbstract
Introduction: Fungi usually are resistant to disinfection and has pathogenic potential; however, they are not legally controlled in hemodialysis water (HW). Objective: Filamentous fungi (FF) were evaluated in HW from a tertiary hospital in southeast of São Paulo state (Brazil) and is a reference medical center providing service to millions of people every year. Method: A total of 84 water samples were collected in seven hydraulic system points during a period of one year and FF was identified by macroscopic and microscopic features. Results: FF were detected in all points ranging from 1 to 334 CFU/100 mL. Nine genera along the hydraulic system were identified, including Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Beltrania, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Exophiala, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Conclusions: Most fungi are ubiquitous and some cause human infection and mycotoxins producers. The various genera found reveal possible failures in treatment and distribution system, either through inadequate hygiene practices or infusion of these microorganisms into the pipes. FF detection is needed bearing mind immunological vulnerability of patients under hemodialysis treatment requiring continuous health surveillance actions.
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Author Biographies
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Meire Nikaido Suzuki, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing (EERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Guilherme Sgobbi Zagui, University of Ribeirão Preto (Unaerp), Water Resources Research Group, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Carolina Sampaio Machado, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing (EERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Sabrina Alves dos Reis, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing (EERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Gabriel Pinheiro Machado, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing (EERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Marina Smidt Celere Meschede, Federal University of Western Pará (Ufopa), Institute of Collective Health (ISCO), Santarém, PA, Brazil
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Danilo Vitorino Santos, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Leonardo Neves Andrade, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Susana Segura-Muñoz, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing (EERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Copyright (c) 2024 Meire Nikaido Suzuki, Guilherme Sgobbi Zagui, Carolina Sampaio Machado, Sabrina Alves dos Reis, Gabriel Pinheiro Machado, Marina Smidt Celere Meschede, Danilo Vitorino Santos, Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins, Leonardo Neves Andrade, Susana Segura-Muñoz (Autor)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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